Aortic Graft and Stent-Graft Infections

Aortic graft and stent-graft infections (AGSGIs) are a type of infection that can occur after open or endovascular aortic repair. These types of infection affect the synthetic material used to replace or repair your aorta and differ from incisional infection. These infections are caused by bacteria entering the graft or stent graft from the bloodstream or from the site of repair. Infection can occur early (within months of repair) or late (within years of repair). Symptoms of early infection commonly include fever and back pain; symptoms of late infection include unexplained weight loss, malaise, fatigue, pain, unexplained bleeding, and may or may not include fever. Such infection may be difficult to diagnose, and it is typically identified by specialized laboratory testing or by routine computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols. Graft and stent-graft infections are rare events, but if present, they can be life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention promptly if you think you may be experiencing symptoms of an AGI.

Aortic graft and stent-graft infections can be caused by bacteria entering the graft from the blood stream or from the site of repair; these infections are uncommon and difficult to diagnose without CT imaging evidence. Risk factors for AGSGIs include having a weakened immune system.
 

During your repair, the synthetic material is often treated with antibiotics to prevent early infection. However, if infection is suspected, treatment for AGIs usually involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the infected graft or stent-graft. Here, the goal is to remove the infected material and affected tissues and replace them with a new artificial graft. Special long-acting antibiotic beads may be placed alongside the new graft to offer
long-term therapy. After operative treatment, many patients follow a life-long antibiotic regimen as a protective measure.
 

After treatment, it is important to monitor the graft site for any signs of infection by following a standardized imaging surveillance protocol and to take steps to reduce the risk of further infection. This may include following a healthy diet, taking
medications, and avoiding activities that may increase the risk of infection. It is also important to follow up with your doctor regularly to ensure that the infection is fully resolved.